Method of heating and ventilating and apparatus therefor



Nov. 11 1924.

E. A. BRINER METHOD OF HEATING AND VENTILATING AND APPARATUS THEREFORFiled May 27. 1919 4 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR ATTORNEKS Nov. 11 1924- E.A. BRINER METHOD ow HEATING-AND VENTILATING AND APPARATUS THEREFOR 4Sheets-Sheet Filed May 27. 1919 lNI/f/VTOR [/m/ 5mm;

FIG. 2

ATTORNE Y 5 we M 1924. 1

' E. A; BRINER- METHOD 0? HEATING AND VENTILATING LAND APfARATUSTHEREFOR Filed May 27. 1919 4 Sheets- Sheet 5 /NVENTOR E/m/ A. Br/her,5)

Q ATTORNEYS Nov. l1 1924.

E A. BRINER METHOD OF HEATING AND VENTILATING AND APPARATUS THEREFOR-Filed May 27. 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 v Flew;

.Wl/ENTOR [271/ A. flr/nen A A E By fgvu'v v I FIG. l2

ATTORNEYS Patented Nov. n, 1924.

NIT D TATES; PATIENT OFFICE.

A. names, or nasal cannon, NEW Jmsnz.

METHOD OF HEATING AND VENTILATIN G AND APPARATUS THEREFOR.

Application filed, Hay a7, 1919; Serial m. 300,197.

. Tor ZZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Em A. BRINER, a citlzen of the United States,residing in East Orange, county of Essex, and State of New Jersey, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Heating andVentilating "and 'Ap aratus Therefor of which the following 1s a full,clear, and exact description. I

This invention relates to the art of build-- ing ventilation andauxiliary drying processes, and has particular reference to the re--covery of heat from the waste hot air, va-

pors, and gases resultingfrom the drying of paper, textiles, foodproducts, or from cooking or evaporating, conditions in -the bui ding inwhich such dryingoperations are carried on, and tea means foraccomplishing these results.

While I will describe the method and improvements especially as appliedfor use with paper machinery, it is to be considered as ,merely'illustrative, for theinvention in its broader aspect is capable ofgeneral ap- .plication to building ventilation in heating the necessaryair supply, and wherever usedwith drying processes from which -vaporladen gases arise.

Heretofore in nearly all processes of drying, the resultant hot mostair, gases, or vaporshave been allowed to escape in a wastefulmanner.. The temperature has been raised to a highdegree in order topermit the absorption of more vapon; Thehot mixture has heatenergy in.the form'of'the sensible: heat 'of :the air and vapor andgthe latentheat ofthe vapor.

sensible heat energy. Not only is this loss of heat ener considerable insome processes, but there is a isv that I use, itprimarily for heatinalso an indirect loss to the plant on account of mpa1red-worl nnheretofore unavo da le 1n rooms fwherem conditions generally dryingprocesses were carried on. 4

The 'distin hing feature about my method of uti izing heat of the wastevapor doorair as a fresh air supply for building ventilation external tothe drying chamber. In order for this method to' 'be successful,'I haveto actually; condense the f t r the vapor because the temperature of theimprovement of 4 In many processes a the, latent heat energy-is greater.than the an economic one which .is

to watch, the sheet. an .occur on the. drying rolls. out'-- ly has opendoors at rying' process or mary purpose of the invention is heating andventilating, both adjoining buildings,

and the building in which paper drying is carr ed on.

However, by using the method described for recovering waste heat forventilation of the building space surrounding the drying operation, itenables one to obtain still greater economy by a further use ofventilating air 'fdr'secondaryiuse as an absorbent .of steam vapor. 4

Both the heating and ventilating function use) and the absorbing (calledprimar function (calle secondary use) of the air have been found to benecessary features for roper atmospheric .air conditions of buildingsused for paper drying and bothfunctions are of su stant'ially equalimportance. I have used the expressions primary and seconda asindicating more clearlythe preferre orderof operation in my method ofsecuring exceptional economy. .It is also feasible to reverse this orderof operation.

It is evident that this primary and secondary use of air representsasingle continuous cycle of use for the fresh-air supply. a V

A distinctive feature of my method in actual practice is its successfuloperation independent of either a tight building or an enclosed dryerunit. In paper mills the drying rolls. are ahnost universally open typemachines enablin the machine tender handle breaks that The machinebuilding itself usua either end for communication into .beater buildingand shipping buildings. openings-usually he p to pr'ovidecooler air tothe o'west air stratum at the floor, inde- Such pendent of my system orprocess. In'other.

words my system or process is universal in its application and does notdepend for operation upon an enclosed dryer, or upon close connectionswith such dryer unit either for vent air, fresh air, or both.

As is. well known, the present method fou drying of paper web on a papermachine is effected by passing the web over a series of hot rolls whichare heated internally by steam. This results in the formation of a largevolume of Water vapor which is absorbed by warm air near the machine andallowed to escape through openings in the roof, either by natural draftor by suction draft caused by any air moving device drawing the hot airand vapor through a hood placed immediately over the machine anddischarging the moisture laden air outdoors. A machine producing 100tons of newsprint paper every twentyfour hours requires the evaporationof 200 tons of Water per day. An average of 100,000 cubic feet of airper minute is necessary to carry away these vapors. The energy in somuch heated air and warm vapor is greater and, in the practice of theherein-described process, the equivalent to about 200 boiler horse powermay be recovered.

The usual practice in the drying of paper in paper mills is to allow thevapor to be carried toward the roof by warm air near me machine. Theroof being at a lower temperature than the vapors causes a condensationof part of the vapors on the under side of roof and results in what isknown as drip. To prevent this condensation, hoods are often used andsteam coils are placed under the roof to keep the air warm, or hot dryair is directed against the under side to warm the roof. But in sodoing, these methods augmented by the drying process raise thetemperature of the whole room to a point where conditions are notsatisfactory for comfort of the machine tenders.

In nearly all processes of drying, the resultant hot air or gases orvapors are allowed to escape as waste. The purpose of this invention isto recover part of the heat of the hot air or gases or vapors and use itto heat fresh air primarily for heating and ventilating purposes, andsecondarily as. an absorbent of vapor from a drying or evaporatingprocess. The efficiency of the drying process is the ratio of amount ofheat utilized to the total amount of heat supplied.

I increase this efiiciency by increasing the amount of heat utilized inany given dryer or provide fresh warm air for various other purposes.

Mv invention is primarily a heating and -vent1lating process takingmoist air out of a building and rapidly replacing itwith fresh air. Theadvantage of such process over other processes lies in the fact thatsuch the drying operation is of a continuous character like in papermills,.in contradistinction to ordinary batch driers which areintermittent in operation and do not give off a continuous supply ofvapor. I

(5 mental to a drying process,.especially where It is therefore anobject of my invention to so process these vapors that their heat energymay be largely retained in the system, so that the economic loss isminimized. Such a process includes a subjection of the waste gases orvapors to an economizer where they are cooled to such an extent that theair cannot retain more than a small portion of the vapor with which itwas first charged. The vapor is condensed in the economizer and forcedto give up its latent heat energy, thereby raising the temperature ofthe economizing medium, generally fresh air. This warm fresh air has amuch lower relative humidity than it had originally and is available inlarge quantities for v heating, or for providing warm fresh air toabsorb the vapors necessary for continuing the process. The condensateis returned as warm liquid ready to be used as such.

Another object of my invention is to remove the vapors from the roomrapidly so that working conditions may be improved.

Another object of my invention is to improve conditions directly underthe roof so that the objectionable drip is avoided without the use ofauxiliary heaters.

Another object of my invention is to provide an economizer or vaporcondenser suitably arranged and associated with fans, ducts andventilators, so that the waste vapor laden gases may be drawn throughthe economizer or vapor condenser in one direction and exhausted to theatmosphere in a cooled condition, and so that fresh air may be drawnthrough the economizer wherein it is warmed and then directed into theroom.

Another object of my invention is to provide suitable ducts fordirecting warmed air under the roof where it will raise the temperaturesufiiciently to keep the moisture from condensing.

Another object of my invention is to ad- .ditionally improve theconditions near the into "the drying machinery, thereby preventing anygreat disturbances of a cooler layer of air near the floor. suppliedgenerally through cracks, crevices and the opening of doors in. theroom.

Another object of my invention is to pass circulating equipment andeconomizer associated with a paper machine;

Fig. 2 is an end View of the equipment shown in Fig. 1 as taken from theright end of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a plan of'the air circulating phere. Anotherdfan G draws airthrough the fresh air inlet D downwardly throu h This cool air will beequipment shown in Fig. 1 with parts omit-' ted Fig. 4 is a generalelevational View showing the economizer as related to the other unitsFig 5 is an end elevation of the economizer or vapor condenser lookingin the direction of flow of the hot gases; 1

Fig. 6 is a side view of the economizer or vapor condenser with. thecasing removed,

7 is an end elevation of part of the economizeror vapor condenser asshown in' h Fig. 5, but on a larger scale; Figs. 8 and9 are end and sideelevations, respectively, of the end spacing member which is used toclose the ends of the fresh air spaces; 1

Fig. 10 shows the drain which is used between pairs of plates,

Fig. 11 is an end view of the drain shown in Fig. 10, and

'Figs. 12 and 13 represent an end view and plan, respectively, of amodified equipment particularly adapted for use where roof drying is ofsecondary importance.

Similar reference characters referto similar parts throughout theseveral views. In Figs. 1 to 4, wherein the general lay out of the paperdrying room is shown, the.

device will-be described in detail, and along with the description ofthe device the method of operation will be pointed out.

R represents the drying rolls of apaper machine. A hood A is arrangedover these drying rolls so that the vapors rising from the rolls willcollect under. the hood. These vapors are exhaustedthrough the duct Band economizer E bya fan C which exhausts them through a ventilator V tothe atmosthe economizer E through a duct F and past an auxiliary heatingcoil 7. This air is then discharged through the, horizontal transversepipes or ducts H which transmit the air through longitudinal pipes orducts I arranged overhead and near the roof. A plurality of smallerducts i are 'onn'ected with longitudinal. ducts I and arranged closev upto the roof, as shown in Fig. 2. This warmed air being discharged in theupper regions of the room will keep the upper regions at a comparativelyhigh temperature whereb theair will be able to carry a considerab ygreater moisture content than it couldcarry'were it cool. Owing. to itshigh-' 1 er temperature it will remain in the upper regions in the roomand will not tend to fall toward the floor. i

-On one side of the roomI sometimes prefer to arrange an exhaust fan Jwhich is provided with an inlet duct L which is overhead and near theroof. It may be as shown in Fig. 2, arranged near the pipes or ducts H.This inlet L will take thewarm air from under the roof withoutdisturbing the air near the floor. A steam heater coil K may be anranged in the inlet L to preheat the air before it passes through thefan J. From the fan J the hot air is forced into an underground duct M,and from-this duct it is directed through a series of suitably arrangedpipes N against the web 0 on the paper machine.

The heater and fan may in some installations be entirely omitted and instill other installations the fan may be operated without the heater. Insuch cases the absorbing operation of the fresh air would become theprimary function of the operation and the heating and ventilating, thesecondary function. The hood over the machine may be present or omitted.

This air at a high temperature which has been directed against the webof the paper machine, will become saturated with va r and will riseunder the hood A, from whic it will be drawn by the fan C to theeconomizer E and discharged to the atmosphere through the ventilator V.

Figs. 12-and 13, the roof drying system, in-

cluding fan G, duct F, heatingcoilf, and ducts H, I and i, are replacedby a duct F which connects directly, from the economizer E andthe inletL." This arrangement is particularly desirable where some form of a roofdrying device is already installed.

The detailed construction of the economizer or vapor condenser E isshown in Figs. 5 to 11, inclusive. The economizer comprises a number ofpairs of corrugated plates 12, 13, of sheet metal, black, processed,gal.-

vanized, or coated with protective materials,

According to the modifications shown in' &

placed parallel and spaced apart formin spaces S, S, throu h which maybe directe the flow of two di erent currents. Cold air is drawn throughthe fresh air inlet D, and flows downwardly through spaces S preferablycrosswise of the corrugations, whereby i by' reducing its relativemoisture (humid-' it is agitated. The waste hot air from theduct B flowshorizontally through the other spaces S along the corrugations.

Two pairs of plates 12 and 13 are fastened together at the upper edge,providing a suitable leakproof joint 14. Along the lower edges of eachpair of plates 12 and 13 is arranged a lon itudinal drain or trough 15having a sloping lower edge 16 and connecinserted between the adjacentpairs of corrugated plates, and held in position by rivets, screws, orthe like. Anv even number of plates may be assembled in pairs along withtheir spacing members and fastened to a suitable support 20, and thissupport may be suspended by means of bolt 21 from a channel member 18.Suspension of the plates allows of ease of handling and erection, andprovides a flexibility in the device as regards its capacity.- A masterdrain 22 is arranged to receive the moisture which drips from theclosing troughs 15' and to conduct the condensed water to a suitablereceptacle not shown.

It will be seen that this invention is conducive to the economicaloperation ofa heating and ventilating system on account of saving of theamount of heating surface and steam required to heat the air used fordrying, heating and ventilating purposes. This results in a directsaving of fuel.

There is also the recovery of a small amount of fresh warm condensedwater which may be used for heating or feed water purposes.

The invention also improves the conditions in the room by maintaining arelatively still or quiet region filled with cool air in which theWorkers may be comfortable.

Changes in'the air conditions, as a result of the circulation abovepointed out, are as follows:

Air drawn from outdoors is heated therechine room roof thereby becomingslightly moistened and lowered in tem erature and may be directedagainst the we for drying purposes either immediately or after for therreheating as circumstances render desirable.

This air absorbs moisture from the web almost to saturation, the degreeof satura-' tion depending upon the volume and temperature of the airdirected against the dryers.

This air is then drawn through hood into the economizer where it givesup most of its heat to the fresh air drawn through the economizer fromoutdoors and cycle of heat is repeated.

The moist air deprived of most of its moisture is exhausted to theatmosphere in a saturated condition at a low temperature.

I claim:

1. In the paper drying art carried on in a building, an economizingprocess comprisingc; exhausting heated vapor laden air from above thepaper drying machine at substantially atmospheric pressure throughpassages in a heat exchanger to .the atmosphere, drawing through otherpassages in the heat exchanger atmospheric air, and using itin twostages, first for ventilating the building, and second as an absorbentof vapor leaving the paper drying apparatus.

2. The method of improving air conditions in a building having paperdrying apparatus which comprises exhausting the heated vapor laden airat atmospheric pressure produced by the evaporating operation throughpassages in a vapor condenser to the atmosphere, drawing through otherpassages in the vapor condenser atmospheric air, and utilizin the warmedfresh air primarily for building ventilation, and secondarily as anabsorbent of. vapor leaving the evaporting apparatus.

3. In the ventilating of buildings housing paper making machines, theeconomizing process comprising, exhausting heated vapor laden air fromthe building space above the drying rolls of a paper making machine,through passages in a vapor condenser to the atmosphere, drawing,through other passages in the vapor condenser atmospheric air anddischarging the warmed air from the vapor condenser, immediatelyunderneath the roof.

,4. In the ventilating art, in connection with paper drying apparatus ina building, an economizing process com rising, exhausting heated vaporladen air t rough passages in a vapor condenser to the atmosphere,drawing through other passages in the vapor condenser atmospheric air,separating out the condensate and discharging the warmed air from thevapor condenscrzimmediately underneath the roof of said building.

5. In the ventilating art, an economizing process comprising, theexchange by conducsupply of fresh air in the' vicinity of the tion ofthe latent heat of condensation of vapor laden air so as to warm freshair, warming the upper re ion of a building'with this fresh air, and exausting. this air from the upper region through a heating coil anddirecting it at the higher temperature against a material to be dried.

6. In the ventilating art, an economizing process comprising theutilization by conduction of the latent heat of condensation of vapor inthe vapor laden air produced by drying or evaporating apparatus for thepurpose of heatin andventilating the buildmg exterior to t e drying orevaporating app aratus.

In a building having an independent floor andwherein drying apparatus isused. the method of keeping the lower regions .thereof cool by leakage.through cracks,-

crevices and open doors, and which comprises exhausting warm air fromsome overead point beneath the roof through a duct and discharging.itagainst material .to be dried. I

8. In the heating and ventilating art,.the method of.ventilatingbuildings in one of which drying or evaporating apparatus is usedtherein, comprising utilization of the escaping mixture of vapor and airat atmospheric pressure to heat an independent current of freshair forventilating such to drv the felts on a-paper drying machinein abuilding, which comprises exhausting air from an overhead stratum insaid building which has-a'high temperature owing to paper drying,circulating the air through a heater. and forcing it at higher tempera-.

ture against the felts of machine.

11. In -machine buildings of paper mills using steam heated dryingcylinders, the process of heating fresh outdoor air for ventilating saidbuildings external to the drying apparatus from its initial outdoor temhPaper d y perature to a higher temperature, which consists in sodirecting the. flow of fresh air and the flow of waste hot air and vaporresulting from the drying of paper past one another so that heat will beinterchanged by conduction from the hot air and vapor to the.

fresh air. a 12. In machine buildings of'paper nulls using steam heateddrying cylinders, the

process of reducin the amount-of heat nec-.

essary for heatin resh'outdoor'airrequired for ventilating saidbuildings externalto the drying apparatus, which consists'in raising thetemperature of the fresh air from its initial outdoor temperature to ahigher tem perature by so directing the flow of fresh air -and the flowof waste hot air and vapors re sulting from the drying operation pastone another that heat will be interchanged by conduction from the hotair and vapors to the fresh. air.

13.. Themethod of improving air conditions for operators in the machinebuilding of a paper mill in which are operated drying machines, whichconsists in leaving the lowest stratum of air at the floor at natural,conditions, the air required for drying or ventilating said buildingexternal to the drying apparatus being taken continuously from the upperpart-of the building, without disturblng the floor stratum.

14.. The method of improvin tions in paper mill machine which areoperated drying machines, which consists in taking air from the upperpart of the building as asu'pply for hot air reair condiuildings inquired in the drying process or for ventilating said building externalto the drying. apparatus and admitting cooler outdoor air throughopenings in walls, so as to produce a cooler stratum of air at theworking level near floor.

15. The combination with a hood .adapted -to receive the va or-laden airabove a paper drying machine in a building, of means for exhausting thevapor-laden air from the. hood, a heat interchanger for abstracting bothlatent and sensible heat of the vapor laden air, and apparatus forsupplying fresh air to absorb the heat energy so abstracted andutilizing the fresh air first for ventilating the building external .tothe drying apparatus and then as an absorbent of moisture leaving thedrying machine.

16. The combination with a hood adapted to receive the vapor-laden airabove a paper drying-machine in a building, of means for exhausting thevapor-laden air from the hood, a heat interchanger for abstracting bothlatent and sensible heat of the vaporladen air, apparatus for supplyingfresh air to absorb the heat energy so abstracted and using the same'forventilating said buildings outside of hoods, and means for furtherheating the fresh air.

17. The combination with a hood adapted to receive the vapor-laden airabove a paper drying machine in a building, of. means for exhausting thevapor-laden air from .the.

hood, a heat interchanger for abstracting both latent and sensible heatof the'vaporladen air and absorbing the heat energy so abstracted,said-heat interchanger warming fresh a and means f rjdistn u tmg thefresh .warm air where it will absorb free vapor in the building outsideof the hood.

18-. The. method 'of controlling air condi- .tions in a building havingpaper drying apparatus, which comprises maintaining a stratum of hot dryair immediately beneath the roof and another stratum of relatively dryand cool air adjacent to the floor of the building, exhausting air froma plane intermediate of the areas influenced by the condition of theaforesaid upper and, lower air strata through a heater and directing theheated air onto the paper drying apparatus to absorb moisture.

19. The method of controlling air conditions in a building having paperdrying apparatus, which comprises maintaining a stratum of relativelydry and cool air on the floor, exhausting air from a higher stratum inthe building through a heater, and directing the heated air onto thepaper drying apparatus to absorb moisture.

EMIL A. BRINER.

